Recently it has become unruly in so called Inner Mongolia, now a part of China, officially called Inner Mongolian Autonomous region, located in the north of today's China, bordering proper Mongolia. For some readers who are not familiar with that term "Inner Mongolia", here is a short explanation. This term comes from the Manchu empire time, known as Qing empire (1636-1912), when those semi-nomadic Manchu people built an empire including their homeland Manchuria, all of China, East Turkestan (now called Xinjiang), Mongolia, and Tibet. Because they managed to annex first the southern part of then Mongolia, they called this part of territory as "Inner" since it was "inside" the empire, and called the remaining part as "Outer" since it was "outside" the borders of Qing empire. Manchu rulers later managed to annex the "Outer Mongolia" too. Mongolian Empire was very weak at that time, divided basically in three parts (southern, northern and western) , fighting for the superior rule against each other, and that helped foreign power to swallow them one by one, first the southern part and then the northern part, little later the western part thus making all of Mongolia included in Manchu (Qing) empire.
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| Whatever is shown with solid bright yellow color is the original homeland of the Chinese; everything else is occupied territories (East Turkestan is marked here as Tartary) |
The Chinese revolution in 1911, known as Xinhai revolution, against the Manchu rule was successful and overthrew that empire, and the Republic of China was declared. Some people say Qing empire was a Chinese dynasty, but that is a lie. As you can see it was established by a foreign (Manchu) power and the Chinese people overthrew it after 266 years of suffering! Today they are just too ashamed to acknowledge it. Having their capital city moved to Beijing, hiring many local Chinese to government positions, and using Chinese customs, systems and the language also, if necessary, makes that Qing empire not "Chinese".
As many of you know, Khublai Khaan (Grandson of Great Chinggis Khan) had also his capital city moved to Beijing after Mongols invaded China. He was the King of the Mongol Empire and in 1279 he established Yuan Empire which consisted of present-day Mongolia, all of China, Tibet and Korea. But that was much earlier than when Manchu people established Qing (or Manchu) Empire as mentioned above. Some Chinese people also claim Yuan Empire as "Chinese" dynasty, and Khubilai Khan as "Chinese" king. (Chinggis Khan and the following Mongol Kings (Khans) were "Chinese" as they were from the minority in China, they claim. LOL. There were no so called minorities in both societies, and nomadic and sedentary people lived separate, each one owned and lived on their land divided by the so called Great Chinese Wall which was built to mark the border and protect their territory from nomadic invasion from the north)
Anyways, so the origin of that term "Inner Mongolia" goes back to the Manchu Empire time.
We call it "Southern Mongolia" because it was the southern part of Mongolia. How it became a part of China and could not get annexed back to Mongolia, is a long story, so I leave it for later.
Now, the ethnic Mongols living in their original homeland, which is today known as "Inner Mongolia", are having another problem caused by the Chinese government. Those native Mongols have been dealing with many issues for a long time and trying to stand up against any decisions made by Chinese government because those decisions conflicted their interests. Even though the Chinese claim that they respect and support minority interests, in fact they suppress the minority, be it Mongols, Uighurs or Tibetans, by any means with a goal to "make them Chinese." Just like how they did with the Manchu people. Today Manchu people are totally "swallowed" by the Chinese, and Manchu language is disappeared from the Earth. Now you cannot find a single "pure-blood" Manchu person in Manchuria or in all of China. This is a fate which the Uighur people, Tibetans and Mongols in China are facing today.
We call it "Southern Mongolia" because it was the southern part of Mongolia. How it became a part of China and could not get annexed back to Mongolia, is a long story, so I leave it for later.
Now, the ethnic Mongols living in their original homeland, which is today known as "Inner Mongolia", are having another problem caused by the Chinese government. Those native Mongols have been dealing with many issues for a long time and trying to stand up against any decisions made by Chinese government because those decisions conflicted their interests. Even though the Chinese claim that they respect and support minority interests, in fact they suppress the minority, be it Mongols, Uighurs or Tibetans, by any means with a goal to "make them Chinese." Just like how they did with the Manchu people. Today Manchu people are totally "swallowed" by the Chinese, and Manchu language is disappeared from the Earth. Now you cannot find a single "pure-blood" Manchu person in Manchuria or in all of China. This is a fate which the Uighur people, Tibetans and Mongols in China are facing today.
One of the methods the Chinese are using is to limit usage of the minority's native language, slowly but surely, by teaching in Chinese language at early ages in schools. Minority language (in this case: Mongolian) will be pushed away at the end, and all school subjects will be taught in Chinese. Ones a child forgets the mother tongue, even though the parents speak and teach in their mother tongue at home, that child will be surrounded by Chinese-dominant environment which would force him/her to "become" Chinese. The next generation would be drawn more to Chinese assimilation and eventually the Chinese will reach their goal. In the future, the names like Mongolians, Tibetans, Uighur will be mentioned only in history books and their lands will be occupied only by the Chinese with those three ethnicities disappeared like the Manchu people.
So, the reason why the Chinese wants to mess with the Mongols is obvious. They are afraid of them! They don't like to have somebody different to exist among them. They want their lands. They want to eliminate all the minority ethnicities so that they can have their territories. What the Chinese need is the lands and the rich mineral deposits underneath.
Since they cannot mass murder the minority, they think it is smart to introduce a tactic of "soft swallow." But they are not smart enough to foresee a back-fire. The world is watching now how the Chinese treat the minority in China, and one day...one day they will pay for that. The world will retaliate one day. And China will suffer badly. That will be the consequences of the policy being implemented by the Chinese for some time now. At their hands now suffering Uighur people living in the province called Xinjiang and Tibetan people living in Tibet. Now it is Mongolians' turn.
What they do against the minority's interest is what makes them being hated more and more by the rest of the world. This world is a big society consisted of all the nations, countries on this planet. Time is totally different today than it was back in times when Mongols ruled the half of then-known World. Today everybody is connected with others more or less, and depend on each others. No one or no country can fight the World alone and become the boss. Even the so called "super powers" cannot rule the World. Why? Because the people have become different! People's mind have become different.
The Majority of all the people living on this planet will voice against any force, inhumanity and injustice. That is what the remaining rest should know. By "the Rest" I meant the ones (be it a country, people, like-minded groups, organizations) who think different than the vast majority of the World population. If "the rest" does actually a bad thing and hurt others badly by force, they will suffer gravely at the end. in this case, if Chinese Government bulldoze through their policy by force, then the whole country-China and all Chinese people will endure the pain. That means all the good-minded Chinese people will be the victims as well. That would be an inevitable tragedy. What I feel is that today the majority of the Chinese citizens have been brainwashed and taught to believe it is right what their Government has been doing. Well, that is what communist or fascist regimes are good at. At brainwashing.
China is feeling so powerful now that they think they can do whatever they want. Despite the fact that they are being hated by the majority of the world, they are determined to finish what they started. They think that with lots of money they can buy "love" and "friendship", but they should know whatever is not genuine and not right will not last too long. In the long run they will be the outsider, hated by everybody and eventually will be ruined. So, the intention of the Chinese government is clear, but the question is, would the Chinese people want this? Will they be still supportive of their government to suppress the minorities and erase them from the Earth so that they can enjoy more lands and treasure? For the price being hated by the World and eventually become an outsider, and loser? What use then will be the occupied lands and accumulated money for them? Or will they stand up against the wrong policy and save their existence. The time will answer those questions.
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| Dr. Yang Jianli |
Their names are Jianli Yang (Founder and President of Citizen Power Initiatives for China) and Lianchao Han (Vice President of Citizen Power for China). The Washington Times published their article, dated 9/29/2020.
China's war against the Mongolian language
Lately, there have been news reports regarding protests in Inner Mongolia, an autonomous region in the north of China, over the introduction of a "bilingual" education system in elementary and middle schools of the region. Under this system, from the new academic year that started on Sept.1, 2020, Chinese would be the medium of instruction for some specific subjects. It is feared that eventually Mongolian-medium [Mongolian language] will be completely replaced with Chinese-medium teaching across all school subjects, and the Mongolian language will be wiped out.
Ethnic Mongols consider this move by the Chinese Communist Party-led central government as the final nail in the coffin toward burying their ethnic identity.
Since China took over the regions of southern Mongolia after WW2 and gave it the Sino-centric name - "Inner Mongolia", it has been steadily and institutionally eroding Mongolian culture and forcing Mongolians to adopt Chinese culture.
Due to decades of Han migration and intermarriage into Inner Mongolia, ethnic Mongolians have become a minority in their own land, accounting for only about 17% of Inner Mongolia's population of 24 million.
Basically herders by tradition, even their pastoral culture has been lost as they have been relocated from their homes on the prairies into new housing complexes in towns. While it is being done in the name of alleviating poverty and easing overgrazing, in reality it is to exploit the rich coal mine reserves in the region.
All that is now remaining of the Mongol ethnic identity is their language, which has a unique script that is no longer used even in independent Mongolia, where Cyrillic script has been adopted due to Russian influence. Since even that has now come under a cloud, it is feared that the entire identity of the Mongol people would be erased. They face the same fate as the Tibetans and the Uyghurs in President Xi Jinping's China.
The Chinese government has been running the program of assimilation in a carefully designed and well-planned way to create a homogeneous society of Chinese people with Han culture.
But do the Han Chinese even have the right to stake a claim over the Mongolian people and their land, let alone usurp their entire identity? The answer is a big "No." And there is historical and literally "unshakeable" evidence for that.
It is nothing less than the Great Wall of China itself.
The iconic symbol of the Chinese civilization-the Great Wall of China- was built in the first place,and rebuilt, extended and further fortified over centuries by different dynastic rulers of China for a purpose to keep away the "barbarians" (referred to as "Yi" in Chinese) who came from the north. These so-called barbarians who led a nomadic life, were considered to be too "uncivilized" by the Han Chinese rulers to be allowed to enter their civilization.
Thus, the Great Wall of China was built as the northern frontier or boundary of China. And the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR) of today lay beyond this historic northern boundary wall.
In other words, from the time the first unified Empire of China was established by Qin Shihuang in 247 BCE, until the end of the Song dynasty in 1279, the pastoral lands of the Mongolian region and the nomadic people who inhabited there were never a part of the Chinese Empire. The Han Chinese civilization was for centuries centered around and limited to the agricultural area in the southeastern part of present-day China.
Interestingly, it was only in 1279, when Kublai Khan, the grandson of the Great Mongolian leader and warrior Chinggis Khan, overthrew the Song Emperor and established the Mongol Yuan dynasty that the land and people of proper China and Mongolia came together under a common rule. And it was the Mongol rule, not Chinese. So, technically, it was not Mongolia which was a part of China, but China which became a part of the Mongol Empire that spread far and wide encompassing even Eurasia. In fact, even Beijing was made the capital of China for the first time by the Mongol rulers.
Based on these historic facts, the CCP's claim that Mongolia is a part of China since immemorial time is questionable. In any case, the Mongolian people of the so-called Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, which is under the rule of the People's Republic of China as an outcome of the World War 2 and the CCP victory in the issuing civil war, deserve every right to preserve their cultural identity and resist cultural genocide.
Yet,so far in the past three decades, the Mongolian minority in China has been rather accommodating and coexisting relatively peacefully with Han Chinese.
Other than an episode in 2011, when they protested over the killing of a Mongolian herdsman by a mining truck, they have caused little trouble to the Chinese leadership.
But, why is the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) leadership now antagonizing them further and pushing them to the wall, which seems inviting trouble for itself? The only explanation is that the move is part of a larger campaign to impose cultural conformity by sinicizing any non-Han cultural identities existing within the boundary of the People's Republic of China, including minority religions and languages.
The story of Mongolians is underreported by the international media, and therefore less well-known internationally than what is happening to China's other minorities in Xinjiang and Tibet. Nonetheless, what happens in Inner (or Southern) Mongolia is also a cultural genocide, the CCP's attempt to destroy a proud culture in the name of "Sinicization." It should not be left alone.
Read the article HERE
The World is noticing what now is happening in Inner Mongolia. Regarding this topic, Taipei Times has also an article published, written by Paul Lin, dated Sept.25, 2020. (page 8)
Mongolia might be Xi's next target
by Paul Lin
Late last month, Beijing introduced changes to school curricula in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, requiring certain subjects to be taught in Mandarin rather than Mongolian.
What is Chinese President Xi Jinping seeking to gain from sending this message of pernicious intent? It is possible that he is attempting cultural genocide in Inner Mongolia, but does Xi also have the same plan for the democratic, independent nation of Mongolia?
The controversy emerged with the announcement by the Inner Mongolia Education Bureau o the case.n Aug. 26 that first-grade elementary school and junior-high students would in certain subjects start learning with Chinese-language textbooks, as opposed to starting in the second grade, as was previously previously the case.
To appease the strong pushback, a second announcement was made, saying that no further changes would be introduced.
However, the decision to stop using Mongolian to teach first-grade elementary school children had already set the cat among the pigeons, and people were worried that the changes were the thin end of the wedge, with others likely to follow.
One of the more disingenuous answers to criticism was that "the design of the teaching materials is at the discretion of the state."
The Bureau also said that the introduction of unified textbooks was according to a Chinese Communist Party (CCP) policy to reinforce the adaption of a common writing system in ethnic minority regions.
This was reminiscent of the mayor of Wuhan passing the buck to the central authorities for the COVID-19 pandemic, absolving himself of responsibility.
The Inner Mongolia incident during the Cultural Revolution left tens of thousands of people dead, or mutilated and disabled. The incident also left permanent psychological scars on the Inner Mongolian public, and the latest initiative has touched a real nerve.
In the past few weeks, 300 thousand students have taken to the streets, joined by parents, public officials, and employees of Inner Mongolia Radio and Television.
While several mid-level CCP cadres were sacked because of their opposition to the new policy, some avid support for protesters came from public officials. Presumably, the demonstrations also enjoyed a degree of tacit approval from more senior figures.
Former Inner Mongolian communist leader Ulanhu, who served as Chinese vice premier from 1983 to 1988, had joined the CCP in 1925. Inner Mongolia Chairwoman Bu Xiaolin is his granddaughter. Inner Mongolia CCP Secretary Shi Taifeng is an academic who has served as vice president of the CCP's Central Party School in Beijing.
Xi trusts neither Bu nor Shi, and on Aug.29 dispatched Chinese Minister of Public Security Zhao Kezhi to the region to suppress the protests with armored vehicles and bounties for informants that have led to the detention of 130 protesters.
Xi's "national rejuvenation" is hitting walls all over, and he dare not attack Taiwan while it is being offered military support by the US.
In Xi's mind, Mongolia is a soft target. Inner Mongolia has a population of about 6 million, while Mongolia only has 3 million.
For Xi, these statistics make it an attractive candidate for annexation. As part of his plan to recover territory previously lost, he can claim that Mongol Empire founder Genghis Khan was also a honorary Chinese, and his territory is thus "an inalienable part of China."
The topography of landlocked Mongolia would make it difficult for the US to intervene militarily. The US would also have to deal with being caught in between Russia and China if it became embroiled there.
Mongolian independence was bought with money and weapons from Republic of China (ROC) founder Sun Yat-sen and the Soviet Union. Chiang Kai-shek did not dare thrust his oar into the situation, but the Chinese communists, including Mao Zedong himself, were consistently supportive.
On Feb.27, Mongolian President Khaltmaagiin Battulga traveled to Beijing, disregarding the risk of catching COVID-19, to present 30 thousand Mongolian sheep to Xi. After Battulga's return, and his mandatory 14 day quarantine, the Mongolian government passed a law stipulating that the country would within five years reinstate the use of the traditional Mongolian script in its schools, replacing the Cyrillic writing system used during the Soviet era.
Clearly, Battulga had visited China to show good intent, but must have been surprised to see Xi so callously moving forward to abolish the use of the Mongolian language in Inner Mongolia.
Beijing's lack of good faith has moved Mongolians to take the streets of Ulan Bator, despite calls for caution on the matter by the Mongolian government, which has not made an official statement on its curricula changes.
It is cautious because Beijing has claimed that protests in Inner Mongolia have been sparked by interference from abroad - a possible pretext for military intervention in Mongolia.
While Russia has supported Mongolia in the past, this latest move at "de-Russification" might mean that Mongolia will not necessarily be able to rely on support from Moscow.
Anyone concerned about regional stability should watch closely how this situation develops. In Taiwan, where does the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT), which still adheres to "begonia China" - the shape of the historic pre-World war 2 China, prior to Mongolian independence - stand on this issue? Does the KMT agree with Xi?
Let me make some notes to clarify some misleading things said in this article above:
It says,
"Mongolian independence was bought with money and weapons from Republic of China (ROC) founder Sun Yat-sen and the Soviet Union. Chiang Kai-shek did not dare thrust his oar into the situation, but the Chinese communists, including Mao Zedong himself, were consistently supportive."
First of all, readers must know that today there are 2 subjects calling themselves as China: People's Republic of China (PRC-usually called China) and Republic of China (ROC-usually called Taiwan). Communist China (PRC) and nationalist China (ROC). How did it happen? Well, one can find enough information online about their history, so here is a brief explanation.
- As I mentioned earlier, when the Manchu empire (aka Qing dynasty) was overthrown as a result of Chinese uprising in 1911, and the countries "belonged" to that empire, like China, Mongolia and Tibet have declared the independence.
- Chinese nationalists declared Republic of China (ROC).
- Divided already during the Manchu rule in 2 parts, Inner and Outer Mongolia, two Mongolia could not be reunited due to conflicts among Inner Mongolian nobles.
- Outer Mongolia declared the independence.
- Inner Mongolian princes were forced and/or persuaded to recognize Republic of China thus making Inner Mongolia to become part of ROC.
- In 1915, four years after declaring independence from Manchu empire, Russia and China have forced Mongolia to sign a treaty making it an autonomous region of the ROC.
- In 1919, Chinese troops entered outer Mongolia and has forced the Mongolian government to sign another agreement to abolish its autonomy.
- In 1921 Mongolians defeated Chinese troops with Soviet help and declared its independence once again.
- Chinese nationalists ruled China under the name of ROC until 1949 when they lost a civil war to Chinese communists who forced the nationalists to leave the mainland China and move to an island named Formosa (now called Taiwan).
- Chinese communists won the civil war and had all mainland under their control, and starting 1949, China is officially named as PRC.
- Chinese nationalists kept the name Republic of China (ROC), and built a new country on that island which known now as Taiwan.
- Interestingly, ROC represented China at the UN until 1971 before that seat was taken by PRC. ROC voted against Mongolia when Mongolia became a member of the UN in 1961.
- PRC was officially admitted as a UN-member in 1971 and it was recognized by the US only in 1979.
So, by the end of the WW2 (1945) China was the ROC. They recognized Mongolia's independence officially in 1946. They opposed it fiercely but had no choice to give up. ROC was also the only opposition when Mongolia was admitted as an UN-member.
It is unclear what the author of that article meant by buying the independence with money and weapon. What is known is that Soviets were firm on Mongolia's independence and persisted that other "super powers" accept it too.
So, Mongolia's fate was decided after WW2, with help from the Soviets. ROC and PRC might have not liked it but hell, Mongolians never accepted any agreement which signed by own corrupt nobles and rulers, selling their independence. So, whatever agreement it was, it's just a paper. An agreement must be agreed by the signing parties freely and without force, so in that logic whatever the Chinese and Russian have forced Mongolians to sign the so called treaties in 1915 and 1919 has no ground and not valid.
Today's claim by the PRC or ROC, stating that Mongolia should be part of China is a BS. Nowadays, some professors from some higher educational institutes brainwash their students with the idea that China should annex Mongolia sooner or later based on the treaties mentioned above. They even say that Mongolia was part of China before those treaties were signed, but like I explained earlier, Mongolia was occupied by Manchu ruler who founded a big empire consisted of countries shown on the map above. So, again, Manchu empire was not "Chinese."
Shame on them to claim somebody else's "achievement."!
Yes, the times when Manchu people ruled China should be part of the Chinese history because China was a part of it, but claiming the history as its own and making it as own is ridiculous. Mongolia's history also includes times when Manchus ruled Mongolia.
So, talking about "buying independence" smells like typical PRC/ROC brainwashing and as I mentioned in one of my earlier post, if the ROC (Taiwanese) Constitution still states that Mongolia is part of ROC (along with the mainland China) then it should not be a surprise to read such an article published in Taiwan's media.
Besides, the Washington Times article given above says it all.
One recent incident proves again China's ambitions to bully the world and dictate their will: They want to eradicate anything related to Mongols' history and brainwash westerners with their own distorted version of history. Well, westerners are not so dumb to buy Chinese Quatsch, so the French museum will show the "Genghis Khan" exhibition anyway, without making any changes as the Chinese demanded.
It will probably take some time to open it since the Chinese side (the French side partnered with Inner Mongolian museum. Han Chinese dictate in Inner Mongolia, remember?) pulls out of that project and the French museum will have to work on some adjustments as to replace some collections and objects.
More on this incident, read HERE.
Lastly, few more words to my reader who value humanity, honesty and harmony.
The World is the ONE place where everybody, be it white, black or yellow skinned, has to live side by side. There is no other place to go. Do you remember that I mentioned earlier about the "World majority" and "the Rest" ?
Who would want to see somebody to become a "Boss" and dictate others? I am positive that the World majority is against any bully Boss to rule the World. Now it is 21st century, not 13th. Time's changed.
Sadly, the World majority has been very passive and tolerant for too long. UN has become a tool of very little use to fight against the Rest, and maybe also got corrupt too. So, only hope is the Majority action. The Majority needs to act now. Everybody who think he/she belongs to that group should act on their own whenever possible using every tool available. That French museum belongs to the Majority and acted accordingly. Bravo! Mercy beaucoup, Monsieur!
It shouldn't be necessary for the Majority to come together in person and fight the Rest; it is enough when every member of the Majority let hear own voice loud and stand own ground. If we can, the Rest has no chance to succeed.
In that particular case, China plays a member of the Rest, trying to bully others and dominate the World. They even trying to revise the past and attempting to forge everything for own benefit. Now they attack openly the minorities (Tibetans, Uyghurs, Mongols) with a clear intention to do harm, but the Majority remains silent. That inactivity will only encourage the Rest and sooner or later you will be dealing with a "Rat" grown to big to be taken down. Someday, this Rat will be under your basement and nestle down, only to sink your home slowly but surely.
So be aware, and be heard! Let your voice hear all over, by any measure possible!
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